Particle

الحَرْف

Particle

Particle: is a connecting word, a conjunction such as: of, to.

Kinds of particle

1.     Preposition ( حرف جر)

2.     Conjunction ( حرف عطف)

3.                             Interjection ( حرف نداء)

 ………….etc

الجملة The sentence	الحرف particle	نوع الحرف Type of particle
القلم والكتاب the pen and the book	و and	حرف عطف Conjunction
الكتاب على الطاولة The book is on the table	على on	حرف جر Preposition
هذا لخالد this is for Khalid	ل for /to	حرف جر Preposition
الكتاب في الحقيبة The book is in the bag	في in	حرف جر Preposition

 

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verb

الفِعْل

The verb

Verb: is part of speech indicating an action or occurrence.

 

Verbs are divided into 3 types according to tense of the verb.

1.     Past tense ( الفعل الماضي)

2.     The present tense (الفعل المضارع)

3.     Imperative verb ( فعل الأمر)

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Past form: is only used in positive past tense.

Present form: is used in positive present tense and future tense + negation the past, present, and future tense.

Imperative form: gives the meaning of ordering,
such as: do it now, look!

Note:

The verb changes according to its actor.

 

Ex:

Past tense الفعل الماضي	The present tense الفعل المضارع	Imperative verb فعل الامر
ذهبَ محمد إلى السوق Mohammed went to the market	يذهبُ محمد إلى السوق Mohammed goes to the market	اذهبْ إلى السوق Go to the market

 

Noun

الاسم

The noun

The noun: is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.

Kinds of the noun

Kinds of the noun in the sentences.

1.     proper noun (اسم علم)

2.     Pronoun (ضمير)

3.     Adjective (صفة)

4.     Adverb(ظرف)

5.     Demonstrative (اسم اشارة)

6.     Relative اسم موصول))

7.      Time adverb (ظرف زمان)

8.     Location adverb ( ظرف مكان)

Types of the noun

The noun in Arabic has many of types according to what it is divided into.

Gender

Nouns are divided into 2 types according to gender:

اسم مذكر asim mouthakar masculine noun	اسم مؤنث asim mo'anath Feminine noun
طَالِبٌ Student (masc.)	طَالِبَة ٌ Student (fem.)

Definite / Indefinite

Nouns are divided into 2 types according to the definite nouns and indefinite nouns:

 

اسم نكِرة asim nakirah Indefinite noun	اسم معرِفة asim ma'rifah Definite noun
طَالِب Student	الطَّالِب The student
كِتَابٌ a book	الْكِتَابُ The book

Numbers

Nouns are divided into 3 kinds according to the numbers: 

مُفْرَدٌ Singular noun	مُثَنَّى Dual noun	جَمْعٌ Plural
طَالِبٌ one student	طَالِبَانِ two student	طُلَّاب more than 2 student

Intellect / Non-intellect

Nouns are divided into 2 kinds according to the intellect and non-intellect:

عَاقِلٌ Intellect	غَيْرُ عَاقِلٍ non-intellect
طَالِبٌ a student	بَيْتٌ a house

The last letter

Nouns are divided into 4 kinds according to the last letter.

اسم صحيح It is ending by any letter except ((اء, ((ـى or ((ـي	اسم ممدود It is ending by ((اء	اسم مقصور It is ending by ((ـى	اسم منقوص It is ending by ((ـي
كتاب	صحراء	هدى	قاضي
سارة	سماء	مستشفى	جاري

How I know if this word is a noun or verb or Particle?

Ok, there some things if we notice it. It will help us to know if this word is a noun or no.

Ex:

سامي يكتبُ الدرس  

Sami writes the lesson.

Sami in this word is a subject, so it is a noun.

Some things help us to know the noun.

1.     position of word in the sentences such as: (subject –  direct object)

2.     by adding prefix (ال ) before the noun, because this prefix only is adding to nouns, it never comes with verb or Particle

3.     Type of noun help us to know if word is noun or no, such as: (proper noun – Pronoun – Adjective – Adverb – Demonstrative – Relative - Time adverb - Location adverb)

4.     Type of number ( singular, dual or plural)

5.     If the word is coming after one of Preposition

( في – إلى – على – مِن - .... ), immediately it must be a noun  

6.   Interjection: that means we use interjection with noun, we never use it with verb or particle

7.     Arabic Double Vowels (nunation), that means tanwin is comes with nouns only, it never comes with verb or particle

8.     Genitive case: that means we compound nouns together to make new complex nouns (Composite speech)

 Such as: كتاب سارة  = Sarah’s book.
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Parts of speech

أقسام الكلام

Parts of speech

One of the strategies helps you in reading Arabic passages are distinguishing parts of speech

The word in Arabic has three kinds:

1.     The noun

2.     The verb

3.     The particle

Ex:

الحرف particle	الفعل verb	الاسم noun
في	يكتب	ماري
من	يشتري	علي
على	يلعب	محمد
أن	يقرأ	هو
إلى	يشرب	هذا

Kinds of nouns:

1.     Proper noun ( (اسم علم

2.     Pronoun (ضمير )

3.     Adjective (صفة)

4.     Adverb (ظرف )

5.     Demonstrative (اسم اشارة)

6.     Relative اسم موصول))

7.    Time adverb (ظرف زمان)

8.     Location adverb ( ظرف مكان)

Kinds of verb:  

1.     Past tense ( (الفعل الماضي

2.      Present tense ( الفعل المضارع)

3.     Imperative verb ( فعل الأمر)

Kinds of particle

1.     Preposition ( حرف جر)

2.     Conjunction ( حرف عطف)

3.      Interjection ( حرف نداء)

       ………….etc